Many people who have injuries from musculoskeletal diseases, such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and knee pain, etc. It can help increase blood flow to the treated area, relax muscles, and even slightly increasing the temperature of the painful area can relieve discomfort and increase muscle flexibility. However, heat therapy is not suitable for areas with new acute inflammation or bleeding, but is more suitable for chronic inflammation.

Heat therapy has been use for treatment since the past until the present. There are many tools develop for physical therapists to use in treatment. If divided according to the depth of heat transmit into the tissue, it can be divid into superficial heat and deep heat.
Symptoms suitable for heat therapy
- Chronic pain, such as herniated discs, chronic muscle or tendon pain, arthritis, except for pain caused by gout.
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- Muscle tension, tendon pain, or joint stiffness
- Pain from tight, contracted muscles
Heat affects physiological changes as follows:
- Hemodynamic effect: It causes blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow. Therefore, it should not be use in areas with acute inflammation as it may cause swelling or bleeding in areas with open wounds.
- Neuromuscular effect: Higher temperatures increase the function of muscle fibers and increase the speed of nerve conduction, reducing muscle spasms.
- Joints and connective tissue. The use of heated or warm instruments in conjunction with stretching increases the flexibility of tendons and connective tissue and reduces the occurrence of joint stiffness.
- Other effects (Miscellaneous effect of heat) cause blood vessels to dilate, increase blood flow, expel stagnant pain mediators, stimulate the release of endorphins and help muscles relax.
Heat therapy is a physical therapy tool to increase the effectiveness of treatment. When muscles are heated, their temperature will increase, causing blood vessels to expand, allowing blood to circulate better and helping to remove toxins or inflammatory substances, reducing inflammation, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to be deliver to the tissues in that area, helping to relax and heal the muscles, and relieving the pain. In addition, it also makes the muscles and tissues more flexible, thus reducing muscle tension.